# Ferro Protocol Stableswap venue that doesn't cost a fortune ## Introducing Ferro Protocol {% embed url="" %} As blockchain technology comes under the spotlight over the past few years, there has been tremendous growth in the DeFi space with the boom of decentralized exchanges revolutionalizing the way we trade and how prices are determined. The demand for stablecoins, cryptocurrencies that are pegged to fiat currencies, is also on the rise. You might have tried trading on one of these DEXes and wondered "Aren't stablecoins supposed to have stable value? Why is the value much lower after swapping?" We feel the same. As a group of faithful DeFi enthusiasts, we are delighted to see a vibrant market but also understand the need to build products that overcome existing challenges and fit our needs. Therefore, we came together and set up **Ferro** - a **StableSwap AMM** protocol with deep liquidity that aims to provide safe and efficient tradings of pegged assets, with the spirit to solidify Cronos ecosystem. Ferro's stable curve pool offers a wide array of utility, allows better composability between protocols in Cronos, creates a more effective way to access stablecoins and other highly correlated assets with **lower fees**, **lower slippages**, **lower impermanent loss**, and **more utilization** of pools. Money market protocols can list their interest-bearing token in Ferro, while any lower liquidity stablecoins bridged from other chains can leverage the Meta Pool set up to bootstrap the liquidity. ## **Key Features of Ferro Protocol** * **Ferro Swap** * Swap supported tokens with low slippage and fees * **Liquidity Pools** * Supply liquidity in exchange for Liquidity Provider (LP) tokens and earn transaction fees proportionate to your contribution {% hint style="info" %} Interested in using Ferro? Read on to find out more about our functionalities and how to get yourself started. {% endhint %} # Getting Started Here marks the beginning of your journey on Ferro Protocol ![](/files/R5HPZaYh6C9wa2o9lpwk) ​1. [Download/Connect a Crypto Wallet](/getting-started/connecting-a-wallet)​ 2\. [Bridge your funds to Ferro](https://app.gitbook.com/s/1eicfNZ2HtbN812ZxEi2/~/changes/6302Q4ZOFQECjIGnA9q3/getting-started/bridging-funds-to-cronos)​ 3\. Start swapping stablecoins 4\. Supply liquidity and receive LP tokens to earn incentives 5\. Stake your LP tokens in a Pool to earn Ferro tokens 6\. Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/NstFnJuK) / [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol) servers and follow our [Twitter](https://twitter.com/FerroProtocol) # Tokens on Ferro ![](/files/EptLuu59kA4HyvQuY7ww) ## Supported Tokens Ferro runs on the Cronos blockchain, which supports two types of tokens: 1. **Native CRO tokens for transaction fees** * You will need CRO tokens to pay all the transaction fees (gas) on Ferro and other applications in the Cronos ecosystem 2. **CRC-20 tokens for trading and forming pool pairs** * CRC-20 is a token protocol closely resembling Ethereum's ERC-20 for interoperability * Except for Native CRO, all other tokens are CRC-20 tokens * Tokens native to other blockchains are wrapped into CRC-20 tokens (eg. WBTC, USDC, ETH) to be operable on the Cronos blockchain * Both $FER and $xFER in our protocol are CRC-20 tokens ## Liquidity Pool Pairs Involving CRO Liquidity Pool Pairs need to be formed by 2 or more CRC-20 tokens. Some liquidity pool pairs may involve CRO, such as our LCRO-CRO pool in collaboration with Veno Finance. In this case, users will still be able to interact with the pool using CRO directly, as our protocol will wrap to WCRO/unwrap from WCRO for our users: * **Add liquidity**: The deposited CRO will be wrapped into WCRO and added to the pool. * **Remove liquidity**: WCRO will be withdrawn from the pool and unwrapped into CRO before depositing in your wallet * **Swap**: Swapping between LCRO and CRO will involve wrapping/unwrapping before the swapping is executed. # Bridging Funds to Cronos Transfer your funds into Cronos and onto Ferro. ![](/files/1bVl9pp9uj3tNmbnuGvd) Before you can start using Ferro, you will first need to bridge your funds to the Cronos blockchain. Here are a number of ways you can do it. ### From the Crypto.com App and Exchange Platforms **We are proud to be incubated by Cronos Labs and be part of the Cronos family** supported by the strong community on the Crypto.com platforms! If you are an existing user of Crypto.com, check out the links below to see how you can bridge the funds from your platform. * For Crypto.com App users \[[Guide](https://cronos.crypto.org/docs/bridge/cdcapp.html#transfer-assets-using-crypto-com-app)] * For Crypto.com Exchange users \[[Guide](https://cronos.crypto.org/docs/bridge/cdcex.html#transfer-assets-using-crypto-com-exchange)] ### From the Cosmos Ecosystem The following leverage [IBC protocol](https://ibcprotocol.org/) which is the battle-tested Cosmos inter-chain. **Here are the ways you can convert your Cosmos assets into CRO tokens onto Cronos PoS and bridge them over to Cronos at no cost!** * **For Chrome Extension Users** * Web-based [Cronos Bridge](https://cronos.crypto.org/) \[[Guide](https://cronos.crypto.org/docs/bridge/webapp.html)]. * Supports Crypto.com [DeFi Wallet](https://crypto.com/defi-wallet), [Keplr](https://www.keplr.app/), and [Metamask](https://metamask.io/) Extension ​ * **For Mobile Experience Users** * Metamask Mobile App => [Cronos Bridge](https://cronos.crypto.org/bridge/)​ * Crypto.com DeFi Wallet App => A bridge will be launched right in the app \[[Guide](https://cronos.crypto.org/docs/bridge/defiwallet.html)] ​ * **For Desktop Wallet Users** * Crypto.com Desktop Wallet App => A bridge will be launched right in the app \[[Guide](https://cronos.crypto.org/docs/bridge/defiwallet.html)] # Connecting a Wallet Connect your wallet and start using Ferro Ferro Protocol is a Decentralized Application. In order to interact with the platform, users will need a non-custodial Crypto Wallet and connect it to the platform. With a Crypto Wallet, you will be able to hold and retrieve your assets, as well as perform transactions after giving confirmation on your wallet for security purposes. Currently, Ferro supports the following wallets in both web and mobile browsers: * ​[Crypto.com DeFi Wallet](https://help.crypto.com/en/collections/2221157-crypto-com-defi-wallet)​ * ​[Metamask](https://cronos.org/docs/getting-started/metamask.html)​ We will continue to look out for enhancement opportunities and embrace more wallets when possible. If you have any feedback, do reach out to us on our [Discord](https://discord.gg/NstFnJuK) or [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol) servers! # Litepaper ## What is Ferro Protocol? Built on the Cronos blockchain, Ferro Protocol is a **StableSwap AMM protocol** that brings a more efficient way for users to exchange and farm tokens by creating more efficient pools consisting of highly correlated assets, as well as allowing better composability between protocols in the Cronos ecosystem. Compared to other DEXes, some of the advantages of Ferro Protocol are: * **Lower fees** - Due to gas usage & traffic efficiency of the token swap/exchange mechanism versus normal DEX * **Lower slippages** - Highly correlated assets reduce price divergence within tokens of the same pool * **Limited to no impermanent loss** - Highly correlated assets reduce overall market exposures of the pools * **More utilization of pools** - Highly correlated assets allow for more utilization, providing opportunities to benefit by deploying pools into other DeFi protocols. **Ferro Protocol offers two main features:** #### **1.** Ferro Swap Users can exchange one token with another as long as both tokens are available in any of the pools within the protocol. You can also customize your token exchange by specifying allowable Slippage in %. #### 2. Liquidity Pools Apart from swapping, users can become liquidity providers and earn incentives by staking their LP tokens into the liquidity farm. You will be rewarded with our native tokens $FER together with the opportunity to lock your tokens with different maturity options to boost your returns. The typical liquidity pools in Ferro Protocol will also carry a mechanism to incentivize/disincentivize users to LP a particular token through Deposit Bonus and Withdrawal Penalty, in order to balance the proportion of tokens in the pool. ## Token Economics There are 2 types of tokens to fuel the overall Ferro ecosystem, each with different utilities, namely $FER and $xFER. **$FER token** is the main reward/incentive token in the protocol, while **$xFER token** is the yield-bearing token. Users can opt to convert $FER to $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate at any time. When users provide liquidity to Ferro Protocol, they will receive the corresponding Liquidity Provider (LP) Token as proof of their participation. These LP tokens can then be staked to receive the following emission reward: * 60% of the reward in the form of $FER token, available to be harvested immediately * 40% of the reward will be directly converted into $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate and will be automatically directed into the 30-day locking vault. Users can choose to upgrade their vault setting as well for higher rewards. There is no restriction on the $FER token that is harvested (i.e. the 60% portion). Users can choose to convert it into $xFER, sell it directly, or use it to provide liquidity back into the protocol. Holders of $xFER token can opt to lock their $xFER token with different maturity options. By locking their $xFER, users can boost their APR in the farm that they are invested in by a Boosting Factor. **$FER has a fixed total supply of 5,000,000,000 (5 Billion) and will be distributed as follows:** | Category | Allocation | Usage | Remark | | --------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Team | 14.5% | Team Allocation | 24m linear vesting on a monthly basis | | Public Sale | 0.5% | IDO | 10% immediate unlock; 90% monthly vesting at 10% | | Ecosystem Reserve | 35% | Reserve for ecosystem related initiatives | Unlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives | | Operations & Partnerships Reserve | 20% | Protocol and infrastructure upgrades, future audits and external partnership/marketing efforts | Unlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives | | Incentives & Liquidity Management | 30% | Community incentives, partner incentives, and liquidity management needs | Distributed over the course of 48 months | # Whitepaper Why Ferro? ![](/files/QNnEvYDDyGQx5DaWOBAg) Ferro, a StableSwap AMM protocol, brings a more efficient way for users to exchange & farm tokens by creating more efficient pools consisting of highly correlated assets, such as stablecoin pools or native-wrapped token pools. Some of the advantages of Ferro over other DEXes can be described as below: * **Lower fees -** Due to gas usage & traffic efficiency of the token swap/exchange mechanism versus normal DEX * **Lower slippages -** Highly correlated assets reduce price divergence within tokens of the same pool * **Limited to no impermanent loss -** Highly correlated assets reduces overall market exposures of the pools * **More utilization of pools** - Highly correlated assets allow for more utilization, providing opportunities to benefit by deploying pools into other DeFi protocols. The wide array of utility that a stable curve pool that Ferro offers, will also allow better composability between protocols in Cronos. For example, money market protocols can list their interest-bearing token in Ferro, while any lower liquidity stablecoins bridged from other chains can leverage the Meta Pool set up to bootstrap the liquidity. In summary, the introduction of Ferro will bring myriad of benefits to the Cronos ecosystem: * A more efficient way to access stablecoins & other highly correlated assets with lower fees & slippage * Composable pools that provide additional utilities to different types of tokens (wrapped token, lending token, yield-bearing token) * Means to bootstrap liquidity for newly bridged assets (e.g. new stablecoins) # Protocol Overview Ferro Protocol features liquidity pools, with each pool featuring a pair of tokens. Liquidity providers can deposit tokens into the pool, whereas traders could swap between the tokens. The protocol follows a **Hybrid Invariant Model**. This unique price curvature results in two benefits: 1. Effective maintenance of peg 2. More efficient trades at higher volumes # Key Functionalities ## Swap The token swap is one of the main utilizations of Ferro protocol, the main purpose is to facilitate an exchange of one token with another, as long as both tokens are available in any of the pools within the protocol. There are 2 ways a token exchange can be done: 1. **Within the same pool** (example: exchanging DAI to USDC in a “USDC, DAI, USDT” pool) * The token exchange will be done by adjusting the balance of tokens from the same pool * Typically incur no or a very small fee 2. **Cross pool** (example: exchanging ETH to USDC, involving “ETH-WETH” pool and “USDC, DAI, USDT” pool) * The protocol will route the transaction through the most efficient way (smart routing) * This is done by scouring through the different pools (in case there are multiple pools containing the token) and finding the most efficient transaction (minimum slippage) Users also have the ability to customize their token exchange by specifying allowable Slippage (by %). **The total transaction fee per swap is 0.04%**, which is distributed as follows: * LP Provider Rewards 0.02% * xFER Buyback 0.016% * Treasury/Admin 0.004% ### Stableswap Price Curvature Most traditional AMMs utilize a x\*y = k invariant (constant-product), where **exchange rates are meant to fluctuate according to supply and demand.** This inevitably results in **higher slippage, the larger the order amount.** ![](/files/hD2u0BUobbnJ1AvhL7Zg) While this is an acceptable outcome for most tokens, **highly correlated assets require minimal slippage and price fluctuation. A stableswap curve solves this through a hybrid invariant model:** * **For most of the curve, x+y=k invariant (constant-sum) plays a larger factor** * Prices largely stay the same with minimal slippage * As pools become more unbalanced, the constant-product invariant takes precedence * Prevents complete draining of the pool as higher slippage kicks in ![](/files/UieGvd5Vhx4uL0iEBIML) This unique price curvature results in two benefits: 1. Effective maintenance of peg 2. More efficient trades at higher volumes ### Swap Price Discount & Premium Another aspect crucial for the Swap function is the **price discount for the tokens that are higher in proportion (overweight) to other tokens in the pool.** For example: * If the USDC proportion in “USDC, DAI, USDT” pool is higher than the rest (e.g, 50%:25%:25% for DAI and USDT) * Users can exchange USDC (e.g. outflow of USDC from the pool) with a price discount * This is done to encourage traders to push back the proportion to average * The opposite happens to DAI and USDT, a more expensive price will be charged to encourage the opposite ## Liquidity Pools In the most mature Stableswap AMM, such as Curve, typically there are 2 types of pools, **Base Pool** and **Meta Pool** each with different characteristics and utilities. ### Base Pool Base Pool can be considered as the most basic token pool, typically consisting of 2 or more highly correlated tokens with the following variations: 1. **Standalone Stablecoin pool (usually treated as the “main pool”)** * Example: (DAI, USDT, USDC) pool, (TUSD, USDC, BUSDT) pool 2. **Lending pool** * Example: Tectonic tTOKEN (tDAI, tUSDC, tUSDT), Curve’s Y Pool (yDAI, yUSDC, yUSDT, yTUSD) 3. **Pegged / Yield Bearing token** * Example: (TONIC, stTONIC), (VVS, xVVS) While the Standalone stablecoin pools are quite straightforward, **Lending & Yield pools can provide users with additional benefits by providing a more direct way to participate in the DeFi protocols.** * Users participating in the Lending pool will get its token to be automatically wrapped into the related DeFi Protocol token (e.g. tToken for Tectonic pool) * By having exposure to this Lending token, users can enjoy the build-in interest compounded by this protocol * Similarly, when users participate in Yield bearing pool (e.g. xVVS pool), an exposure to yToken provides exposure to the revenue accrual of the said protocol However, participating in Lending / Yield pools will also leave users exposed to more risks, in terms of: * Smart contract issues with the main Stableswap protocol * Smart contract issues with participation in lending protocols * Smart contract issues with participation in yield protocol * Systemic issues with the stable coins in those pools (e.g. pegging / depegging) In addition, users depositing token into Base Pool has some flexibility to choose how the deposit token will be allocated: * Split equally among tokens in the pool * Select specific stablecoin to deposit * Convert it into a Lending / Yield token (e.g., tToken or cToken or yToken) ### Meta Pool Meta Pool provides a combination of Base Pool plus 1 or more tokens, for example, pairing of Ferro base pool of (USDC, USDT, DAI) with TUSD. In the above example, the pool will consist of TUSD (on a standalone basis) and Ferro Base 3Pool LP tokens. This means that liquidity providers of Ferro Base 3pool who do not provide liquidity in the TUSD Metapool are shielded from systemic risks from the Metapool. This will also bring several advantages, such as: * Prevents dilution of existing pools * Allows Ferro to list less liquid assets * More volume and more trading fees for the protocol Users depositing tokens into TUSD Meta Pool will have several options to deposit/withdraw the token, as follows: * TUSD * Any of the Ferro Base 3Pool constituents (DAI, USDC, USDT) * Ferro Base 3Pool LP token Similarly, users also have some flexibility to choose how the deposit token will be allocated: * Split equally among all stablecoins (4 tokens in this scenario) * Convert it into Ferro Base 3Pool LP token * Select specific stablecoin to deposit ## Deposit / Withdrawal Incentives Similar to the Swap feature, the typical liquidity pools in Ferro will also carry **a mechanism to incentivize/disincentivize users to LP a particular token, in order to balance the proportion of tokens in the pool (a.k.a. Deposit Bonus / Withdrawal Penalty).** * Users depositing underweighted tokens (vs other tokens in the pool) will receive a Deposit Bonus * Users withdrawing underweighted tokens (vs other tokens in the pool) will be charged Withdrawal Penalty # Tokenomics ### ![](https://2033700375-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F1eicfNZ2HtbN812ZxEi2%2Fuploads%2FJV4B19YBlZKbhpLoIZSQ%2FFerro%20Token%20Announcement.png?alt=media\&token=c52fecf0-befd-432a-8efd-c344277d3b77) There are 2 types of tokens to fuel the overall Ferro ecosystem, each with different utilities, namely $FER and $xFER. $FER token is the main reward/incentive token in the protocol. Users can receive $FER by staking their LP token (obtained after depositing/LP-ing into the pool) into a liquidity farm. $FER token can be further converted into a $xFER token based on the exchange rate at the time. $FER has a fixed total supply of 5,000,000,000 (5 Billion) and will be distributed as follows:
CategoryAllocationUsageRemarks
Team14.5%Team Allocation24m linear vesting on a monthly basis
Public Launch0.5%Reserved for public launch10% immediate unlock; 90% monthly vesting at 10% a month
Ecosystem Reserve35%Reserve for ecosystem related initiativesUnlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives
Operations & Partnerships Reserve20%Protocol and infrastructure upgrades, future audits and external partnership/marketing effortsUnlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives
Incentives & Liquidity Management30%Community incentives, partner incentives, and liquidity management needsUnlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives
$xFER token is the yield-bearing token of the Ferro Protocol. Users can opt to convert $FER to $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate at any time. Ferro Protocol directs a certain portion of the protocol revenues (e.g. swap fees) into the $FER:$xFER conversion contract, resulting in the continuous increase of $xFER over $FER over time. When users provide liquidity to Ferro Protocol, they will receive the corresponding Liquidity Provider (LP) Token as proof of their participation. These LP tokens can then be staked to receive the following emission reward: * 60% of the reward in the form of $FER token, available to be harvested immediately * 40% of the reward will be directly converted into $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate and will be automatically directed into the 30-day locking vault. Users can choose to upgrade their vault setting as well for higher rewards There is no restriction on the $FER token that’s harvested (i.e. the 60% portion). Users can choose to convert it into $xFER, sell it directly, or use it to provide liquidity back into the protocol. ![](/files/5Ezl6iaGxVhHEV3qbxRu) Holders of $xFER token can opt to lock their $xFER token with different maturity options. By locking their $xFER, users can mine extra $FER tokens. In later phases, locked $xFER will give users access to boosts on their LP yields. # Protocol Roadmap ![](/files/auuwgtuKh0QmSfpOw3DU) ### What we have achieved so far We launched our $FER token via Initial Gem Offerings on VVS Finance in early June. Right after, Ferro was live on mainnet with our 3FER Base Pool offering USDT, USDC, and DAI for swapping and liquidity provision. We have also integrated with Crypto.com DeFi Wallet that gave us great exposure to bring in new users, as well as allowing us to create a seamless experience for our users using their DeFi wallet. Within a month, $FER became listed on Crypto.com Main App, Crypto.com Exchange, and VVS Finance for trading. We’ve quickly become one of the top DApps in the Cronos ecosystem and reached [#3 with $89M of TVL](https://defillama.com/chain/Cronos) (as of Jul 21, 2022). ### Q3 2022 With the current market circumstances, stablecoins have been the asset to hold as people try to weather the storm. Ferro as a Stableswap AMM will continue to generate great utilities for our users. Moving on to Q3 this year: * **Boosted LP yield with locked staking**: A lot of users have locked their $xFER tokens into our vaults, and we want to reward our loyal supporters by adding a boosting factor to the APR% of their staked LP tokens. * **New yield-bearing Base Pool**: A new yield-bearing token pool will be added to our list of Base Pools in collaboration with a leading protocol in the Cronos ecosystem as well, providing our users with exposure to the revenue accrual of the partner protocol. * **$FER purchase capabilities**: We understand the inconvenience of getting your hands on $FER via external websites. That’s why we are planning to enhance $FER purchase capabilities by partnering up with VVS Finance for swapping to optimize our protocol and bring our users a better user experience. * **Partnerships with other protocols**: More partnerships with other DeFi protocols will be coming in this quarter. So definitely look out for them as we expand the coverage to keep up with the traction. ### Q4 2022 In the last quarter of the year, we will be extending the list of liquidity pools and bolstering our core functionalities: * **First Meta Pool & new liquidity pools**: The first Meta Pool will be introduced to our protocol, allowing our users to trade between a newly added token and the stablecoins in our Base Pool seamlessly. Together with more liquidity pools in our pipeline, Ferro Pools will be further enriched in this quarter. * **Rewards Dashboard**: We will also be adding a rewards dashboard showing numbers on your returns, APR history, unlocked xFER, etc. This will improve the visibility of your rewards and you will be able to seamlessly keep track of your investment performance on Ferro. * **Direct harvest & auto-compounding**: We will introduce (1) direct harvest and locking of $FER into $xFER vault, and (2) an auto-compounding function to our $xFER vaults. With these features, you can get your $FER to work even harder for you while you sit back and watch your $FER grow. ### 2023 and beyond We will be releasing more details later but here’s a sneak peek of what we have in store for our users in 2023: * **Analytics page**: An analytics page will be added to our protocol to provide users with better visibility of the performance of our protocol and individual pools. * **Weekly Lottery**: While users come to our protocol to swap assets and farm rewards for the $$, we want our users to have a bit more fun while using our protocol as well. We will bring a lottery to Ferro where users will be able to purchase lottery tickets with $FER tokens and stand a chance to win tiered prizes from our prize pools every week! Apart from these planned features, we will continue to look for integration and partnership opportunities to enrich and bolster our protocol. If you are interested in partnering with us, drop us a message on [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol) or [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/RkA2RCtTD3). Have questions or feedback on the roadmap? Keep them coming on our community channels. Thanks again for all the support you have given us so far. Stay tuned for more announcements! # Get Involved ## **Partnerships Requests** We are open to collaborating with other projects on new liquidity pools and marketing campaigns. Please fill in the form below to provide the details of your partnership request. Our team will reach out to you if we are interested: * Liquidity pool: * Marketing collaboration: ## **Contact Us:** * General: ## **Communities & Social Media:** * [**​**Discord](https://discord.gg/V2957zMsmg)​ * [​Telegram​ (Community)](https://t.me/ferroprotocol) * [Telegram (Announcements)](https://t.me/ferroprotocol_news) * ​[Twitter](https://twitter.com/FerroProtocol)​ * ​[Medium](https://medium.com/@FerroProtocol) # Ferro Swap Swap from one token to another! One of the main purposes of Ferro is to facilitate exchange of one token with another in any pools within the protocol. * **Within the same pool** Token exchange will be done by adjusting the balance of token from the same pool with no or very small fee (example: exchanging DAI to USDC in a “USDC, DAI, USDT” pool) * **Cross pool** Protocol will route the transaction through the most efficient way (smart routing) by scouring through the different pools to achieve minimum slippage (example: exchanging ETH to USDC, involving “ETH-WETH” pool and “USDC, DAI, USDT” pool) Users also have the ability to customize their token exchange by specifying allowable Slippage (by %). # Swap Tokens How to Swap on Ferro {% embed url="" %} **Step 1:** Connect your preferred Crypto Wallet with Ferro. ![](/files/qO6CL7BmVgRmqASn4Sji) **Step 2:** On our swap page, select your desired tokens. ![](/files/ZfDQYS6rvlwl5XukFd9j) ![](/files/dAVBBKAIc2tuz4EUZcNJ) **Step 3:** Input the amount of source token you would like to swap. ![](/files/5t6geBHpDEsuouGUU63s) **Step 4:** Review the swap details and the number of tokens to be received. ![](/files/wKvcuDBy7MtJRLpvZI8T) **Step 5:** Click 'Confirm' to submit your transaction. ![](/files/HUNp8G4Szw634lqtQPzW) ![](/files/JKigd9fekIPbditiL3eW) **Step 6:** Confirm the transaction on your wallet to proceed with the swap. ![](/files/0TOudQaKQaAJGww7f5L9) **Step 7:** Wait for the final confirmation. Check out your new tokens in your wallet! On Cronos, this shouldn't take more than 1 minute. ![](/files/EcXkeAbKBpCjDskShict) # Ferro Pools Introduction to Ferro Pools {% hint style="info" %} Check out our [Whitepaper](/essentials/whitepaper) for detailed explanations of the underlying mechanics and tokenomics. {% endhint %} ### **1. Base Pool** Base Pool typically consists of 2 or more highly correlated tokens with the following variations: 1. Standalone Stablecoin pool (usually treated as the “main pool”) 2. Lending pool 3. Pegged / Yield Bearing token ### **2. Meta Pool** Meta Pool provides a combination of Base Pool plus 1 or more tokens. This mechanism brings several advantages to platform users: * Allows Ferro to list less liquid assets * Shielding liquidity providers of Ferro Base pool from systemic risks * Prevents the dilution of existing pools * More volume for the protocol #### Example: Pairing Ferro base pool **\[USDC, USDT, DAI]** with **TUSD**. The Meta pool will consist TUSD (on a standalone basis) and Ferro Base 3Pool LP tokens Users has flexibility to choose how the deposit token will be allocated: 1. Split equally among all stablecoins (4 tokens in this scenario) 2. Convert it into Ferro Base 3Pool LP token 3. Select specific stablecoin to deposit Users will have also several options to deposit / withdraw the token: 1. TUSD 2. Any of the Ferro Base 3Pool constituent (DAI, USDC, USDT) 3. Ferro Base 3Pool LP token ## Deposit / Withdrawal Incentives Similar to the Swap feature, the typical liquidity pools in Ferro will also carry a mechanism to incentivise/disincentivize users to LP a particular token, in order to balance the proportion of tokens in the pool (a.k.a. Deposit Bonus / Withdrawal Penalty). * Users depositing underweighted token (vs other token in the pool) will receive Deposit Bonus * Users withdrawing underweighted token (vs other token in the pool) will be charged Withdrawal Penalty When users provide liquidity to Ferro Protocol, they will receive the corresponding Liquidity Provider (LP) Token as proof of their participation. These LP tokens can then be staked to receive the following emission reward: * **60%** of the reward in the form of $FER token, available to be harvested **immediately** * **40%** of the reward will be directly converted into $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate, and will be automatically directed into **1 month locking vault**. Users can choose which vault duration to allocate this portion of the rewards into There is no restriction on the $FER token that’s harvested (i.e. the 60% portion). Users can choose to convert it into $xFER, sell it directly, or use it to provide liquidity back into the protocol. # Our Partners ## Veno Finance [Veno Finance](https://veno.finance/) is the latest liquid staking protocol that now supports CRO and ATOM staking. We have partnered with Veno to launch two pools on our protocol: LCRO-CRO pool and LATOM-ATOM pool. ### LCRO-CRO Pool
On Veno Finance, you can stake your CRO and receive the yield-bearing receipt token LCRO that accrues the CRO staking yield value and compound automatically. When you unstake your CRO on Veno, it will undergo a 28-day unbonding period. As unstakes are processed a 4-day batches, the total unstaking time might go up to 32 days. With the LCRO-CRO pool on our protocol, you can now **swap your LCRO to CRO *****immediately***** at low slippage and fees**. You can also provide liquidity to the pool to earn swap fees. Visit the pool and add your liquidity now: ### LATOM-ATOM Pool Similar to the LCRO-CRO pool, you can stake your ATOM and receive the yield-bearing receipt token LATOM that accrues the ATOM staking yield value and compound automatically. For those who want to swap out of LATOM instead of undergoing the 28-day unbonding period, you can now do it via the LATOM-ATOM pool on Ferro at low slippage and fees. If you hold ATOM and LATOM in your wallet, you can also provide them as liquidity to our pool and stake your LP tokens to earn swap fees and $FER emission from the pool. ### Deposit your LP tokens at Veno Finance to earn $VNO! Starting from Mar 2, 2023, if you’re a LCRO-CRO or LATOM-ATOM pool LP token holder, you can deposit your LP tokens at Veno Garden - the latest addition to [Veno Finance](https://veno.finance/) that allows you to enjoy high APY of $VNO rewards and more features offered by Veno Finance! We will carry on with the $FER emission of both pools. As liquidity providers of the LCRO-CRO and LATOM-ATOM pool, you will continue to earn both swap fees and $FER incentives from this pool. You are also free to choose where to deposit your LP tokens, and how to allocate the LP tokens between the two protocols. Learn more about Veno Finance here: ## Orby Network [Orby Network](https://orby.network/) is the latest crypto lending protocol that offers interest-free borrowing of USC, Orby’s native stablecoin. USC is a decentralised, overcollateralised stablecoin soft-pegged to the US dollar and is designed to function as a store of value, a unit of exchange, and a unit of account. Borrowing USC enables users to access liquidity via a stablecoin on their holdings — allowing users to hold on to their assets as they potentially appreciate in value, while being able to utilise USC to participate in other ecosystem activities. ### 2FER-USC Pool On Orby Network, you can deposit multiple types of collateral to borrow (i.e. mint) USC interest-free and use in within the Cronos ecosystem. Note: Currently Orby only supports $CDCETH as collateral If you hold USC in your wallet, you can provide them as liquidity to our pool and stake your LP tokens to earn swap fees and $FER emission from the pool.
# Provide Liquidity **Step 1.** Go to "Pools" page and select a liquidity pool.
**Step 2.** Under "Add Liquidity", enter the amount of tokens you want to add to the pool, then click "Add Liquidity".
**Step 3.** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm".
**Step 4.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation.
**Step 5.** Once confirmed, you have successfully add liquidity to the pool and become a liquidty provider! # Remove Liquidity {% hint style="info" %} If you have applied Pool Boost to the selected pool, make sure you have unstaked all the NFTs before you unstake your LP tokens and remove liquidity from the pool. However, in the event that you have not unstaked the NFT before removing liquidity, you can still add and stake liquidity back to the pool to perform NFT unstaking. {% endhint %} **Step 1.** Go to "Pools" page and select a liquidity pool.
**Step 2.** Under "Remove Liquidity", enter the amount of LP tokens you want to remove.\ Select the output tokens you want to receive, then click "Remove Liquidity".
**Step 3.** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm".
**Step 4.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 5.** Once confirmed, you have successfully removed liquidity from the pool. # Stake/Unstake Liquidity ## Stake Liquidity **Step 1.** Go to "Pools" page and select a liquidity pool.
**Step 2.** Under "Stake Liquidity", enter the amount of LP tokens you want to stake, then click "Stake" to proceed. {% hint style="info" %} If you do not have any LP tokens, learn about Providing Liquidity [here](/user-guides/ferro-pools/provide-liquidity). {% endhint %}
**Step 3.** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm".
**Step 4.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 5.** Once confirmed, you have successfully staked your liquidity! ## Unstake Liquidity **Step 1.** Go to "Pools" page and select a liquidity pool.
**Step 2.** Under "Stake Liquidity", enter the amount of LP tokens you want to unstake, then click "Unstake" to proceed.
**Step 3.** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm".
**Step 4.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 5.** Once confirmed, you have successfully unstaked your liquidity! If you want to remove liquidity, check out the guide [here](/user-guides/ferro-pools/remove-liquidity). # Claim $FER Rewards from Staked LP **Step 1:** Make sure your preferred wallet is connected and head over to "Pools" > "Stake Liquidity". **Step 2:** Check if you have $FER rewards to be claimed under "Pending Rewards", then click "Harvest" to initiate the transaction. **Step 3:** Confirm the transaction details on your wallet. **Step 4:** Wait for the final confirmation. Your rewards have been claimed and credited to your wallet! # Ferro Stake $xFER token is the yield-bearing token of the Ferro Protocol. Users can opt to convert $FER to $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate at any time. Ferro Protocol directs a certain portion of the protocol revenues (e.g. swap fees) into the $FER:$xFER conversion contract, resulting in the continuous increase of $xFER over $FER over time. If you stake your LP tokens after providing liquidity to our pools and harvest your $FER rewards, 40% of the rewards will be directly converted into $xFER and locked in the 1-month vault, which will give you extra $FER rewards at a higher APR. You can also choose to upgrade your $xFER vault to the ones with a longer locking duration with a higher APR to further boost your $FER rewards. Each batch of $xFER locked in the vault can only be withdrawn after the end of the locking duration of each batch. As for the $FER tokens harvested and credited to your wallet, you are free to convert them into $xFER by staking, sell them directly, or use them to provide liquidity back into the protocol. Any unlocked $xFER tokens can also be converted back to $FER by unstaking under Stake. # Stake $FER for $xFER ## **First Time Staking $FER for $xFER** **Step 1:** Make sure your preferred wallet is connected and head over to "Stake" > "Stake". ![](/files/QVRpms6nmi1fcq7SVgKe) **Step 2:** Click "Enable" to enable the function if this is your first time using it. Click "Stake FER" and input the amount of FER you want to stake. ![](/files/k0fUTyvPjHzAnCDHPfkO) ![](/files/nsRBRisP8L8mNbe4ThH9) **Step 3:** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm" to initiate the transaction. ![](/files/53KUU9hjKYZO6hgRk5wV) **Step 4**: Double-check the transaction details and click "Confirm" again. ![](/files/SPCIQEVrxbzucuFQl4Rs) **Step 5**: Confirm the transaction details and approve the transaction on your wallet. ![](/files/LcaXM1YWCX2eEUU0xZtq) **Step 6**: You have now staked your $FER tokens and received the $xFER tokens based on the prevailing exchange rate at that time. ![](/files/BlSPaNzAHSA3GPcGv2ZP) ## Staking more $FER for $xFER **Step 1**: Check your wallet connection and go to "Stake" > "Stake". ![](/files/B9p5KGukB8wqdgGF755j) **Step 2**: Click "Stake More" if you want to stake extra $FER tokens and receive $xFER tokens. ![](/files/mvMEGBgffGMXwU9zJhwg) ![](/files/kh5wfYFPuAPrflatZ3q1) **Step 3**: Review the transaction details and click "Confirm" to initiate the transaction. ![](/files/EAwEshBiKsSkaEgX7EC0) **Step 4**: Double-check the transaction details and click "Confirm" again. ![](/files/ThI5ijQmubvXhw26GhgU) **Step 5**: Confirm the transaction details and approve the transaction on your wallet. ![](/files/epVVusxa8cfyGyutTJTU) **Step 6**: You have now staked more of your $FER tokens and received the extra $xFER tokens based on the prevailing exchange rate at that time. ![](/files/yK46nRylfAIIP7pEyRQE) # Unstake $xFER for $FER **Step 1**: Make sure your preferred wallet is connected and head over to "Stake" > "Stake". ![](/files/TgtEaornH5oorUj2lXsW) **Step 2**: Click "Unstake" and input the amount of $xFER tokens you want to unstake and convert back into $FER tokens. ![](/files/46xClYrXtDXqksQYCjpk) ![](/files/89dJvTOXrhCpAedxbDoo) **Step 3:** Review the transaction details and click "Confirm" to initiate the transaction. ![](/files/5gN9VsbIxgrl7NmVAdpy) **Step 4**: Double-check the transaction details and click "Confirm" again. ![](/files/615r7BkeJDfk3fRTgLnm) **Step 5**: Confirm the transaction details and approve the transaction on your wallet. ![](/files/VLrTZX500pZK05md736a) **Step 6**: You have now unstaked your $xFER tokens and received the $FER tokens based on the prevailing exchange rate at that time. ![](/files/rnnPbeTelYgd3zDzDdNt) # Lock $xFER into Vaults **Step 1**: Make sure your preferred wallet is connected and head over to "Stake" > "Stake". ![](/files/ipmQmE7n4BtwPeaCjows) **Step 2**: Click "Deposit xFER" and select your preferred Locking Period. ![](/files/3bj16Hzkbt552JFLQ9qE) ![](/files/4NWZ0e6waqfgQJHBxFlw) **Step 3**: Input the amount of $xFER tokens you want to deposit into the vault. Check the transaction details below and click "Deposit in Vault". ![](/files/c9OVxOYTiaHyo709vg5O) **Step 4**: Double-check the transaction details and click "Confirm". ![](/files/CB5BMIpHM6WFlG6HPaHA) **Step 5**: Confirm the transaction details and approve the transaction on your wallet. ![](/files/u1mWorCjMym0d6YjF4K7) **Step 6**: You have now deposited your $xFER tokens into your desired vault. ![](/files/bwhPhkFvn9DFrxcwCkiA) ![](/files/G0Ct6txdpvmF9Z3hpXco) # Claim $FER Rewards from Locked $xFER **Step 1:** Make sure your preferred wallet is connected and head over to "Stake" > "Vault". ![](/files/xBQxZZbpB273HlmFZDXO) **Step 2:** Check if you have $FER rewards to be claimed under "Pending Rewards", then click "Harvest" to initiate the transaction. ![](/files/2DNZIFkLNzK9Uryl0CYs) **Step 3:** Confirm the transaction details and approve the transaction on your wallet. ![](/files/IR499M1Ld5wDJA8a8E7P) **Step 4:** Wait for the final confirmation. Your rewards have been claimed and credited to your wallet! # Pool Boost **Pool Boost** is a new feature that allows you to stake xFER and NFTs to boost the APR of liquidity pools! With this feature, you can increase the value of your staked LP and earn a higher share of the pool emissions. ## Introducing Pool Boost There are two key terms that you need to know: **Boost Multiplier** and **Boost Power**. * xFER with higher amount and longer locking period = higher Boost Multiplier * More NFTs staked and NFTs with higher rarity = higher Boost Multiplier {% tabs %} {% tab title="Boost Multiplier" %} **Boost Multiplier** is the mechanism used to increase the value of your staked LP in this Pool Boost feature. It multiplies the value of your staked LP such that you can earn a higher share of the pool emissions while holding the same amount of LP. Example: \ Let’s say you have staked $500 worth of LP in the 2FER pool. By staking xFER and NFTs, you’ve earned 2x Boost Multiplier. This means that your staked LP will be multiplied by 2, making it worth $1000 in the Pool Boost mechanism. As a result, you will be able to earn a higher share of the pool emissions while holding the same amount of LP. **Boost Multiplier** depends on the following: **1. The amount and locking period of the staked xFER** * Higher amounts and longer locking periods of xFER will give a higher Boost Multiplier **2. The number and rarity of the staked NFTs** * More staked NFTs with higher rarity with result in a higher Boost Multiplier * You can stake up to 10 NFTs for this Pool Boost feature The total Boost Multiplier that you can enjoy will be **up to 3x**. Below are the multipliers conversion for your reference: #### xFER Vaults Multipliers

Please note that it only accounts for the locking period component, without taking into consideration the amount of xFER staked.

#### Cronos Cruisers NFT Multipliers
{% endtab %} {% tab title="Boost Power" %} **Boost Power** is the amount of rewards you can get relative to the base rewards emitted to the pool. It visualizes the effect of the Boost Multiplier, so that you can understand how much more rewards you are getting compared to a LP staker without Pool Boost. Apart from Boost Multiplier, **Boost Power** also depends on 1. The amount of LP you have staked in the pool 2. Your share (%) of the pool. Even if you have applied the same Boost Multiplier coming from the same amount and locking period of xFER to two pools, you can see different Boost Powers as your LP positions are different. {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ## NFT Staking Partner: Cronos Cruisers We are thrilled to announce our partnership with Cronos Cruisers for the NFT staking component of our Pool Boost feature!
[Cronos Cruisers](https://cronoscruisers.com/) is a collection of 8,000 algorithmically-generated NFTs, racing through the winter along the Cronos Ring to be the ultimate Cronos Cruiser. With more than 200 traits, including expressions, outfits, accessories and more... every Cronos Cruiser is unique. Each Cronos Cruiser will open portals to limitless possibilities, such as numerous holders-only benefits, events, and doubles as an early access token on Cronos. The sky is the limit. By staking your Cronos Cruisers NFTs, you can obtain Boost Multiplier, which will increase the APR of your liquidity pools. If you don’t have a Cronos Cruisers NFT yet, head over to [NFT marketplace Minted](https://minted.network/collections/cronos/0xd25358e2cAD3E1Fd165887569892A99fFFA674ac) and purchase one today to start enjoying higher rewards on your liquidity pools! ## How is Pool Boost calculated? ### **1. xFER and NFTs staked will give you Boost Multipliers** #### xFER Vaults Multipliers * It depends on the amount of xFER staked and the locking period of the selected vault * Maximum xFER Vault Multiplier = 2.5x (250%) * Below is a conversion table for reference:

Please note that it only accounts for the locking period component, without taking into consideration the amount of xFER staked.

#### Cronos Cruisers NFT Multipliers * Below is a conversion table for reference: * It depends on the number and rarity of NFTs staked
#### Final Boost Multiplier *Final Boost Multiplier = xFER Vault Multiplier \* (1 + NFT Multiplier)* * Maximum Final Boost Multiplier = 3x (300%) ### 2. Boost Multiplier will be used to calculate the Boost APR of your selected pool *Boosted LP = Final Boost Multiplier \* Your current LP* *Boost APR = ($FER emissions to the Boosted LP \* $FER token price \* 40%) \* Your share of the Boosted LP / Current LP* ### 3. The new APR of the pool you have boosted will consist of Base APR and Boost APR *New Pool APR = Base APR + Boost APR* * Base APR represents the APR you get if you have only staked your LP tokens without applying any Pool Boost * Boost APR comes from the xFER and NFT you’ve staked to obtain Boost Power ### Example of the Pool Boost calculation

Please note that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only.

## How to use Pool Boost? If you want to learn how to use the Pool Boost feature, visit here for our step-by-step instructions. # Get Boost Power Before you can start using our Pool Boost feature, you must be a liquidity provider in ***at least one*** of our pools and have staked your LP tokens. This ensures that you have a position in the pool and are eligible to receive rewards. To learn more about Providing Liquidity, check out the guide [here](https://docs.ferroprotocol.com/user-guides/ferro-pools/provide-liquidity).
# 1. Stake xFER into Vaults **Step 1.** Go to Ferro “Pools” page and click “Get Boost Power”.
**Step 2.** Under “Stake xFER to Vault”, click “Stake”.
**Step 3.** Select a desired locking period.
**Step 4.** Enter the amount of xFER you want to deposit to the vault, then click “Deposit in Vault”.
**Step 5.** Review the xFER staking details, then click “Confirm”.
**Step 6.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 7.** Once confirmed, you have successfully staked the xFER into the selected vault! # 2.Stake Cronos Cruisers NFT (Optional) **Step 1.** Go to Ferro “Pools” page. Under “Boost Power”, click “Manage”.
**Step 2.** Under “Stake Cronos Cruisers NFT”, click “Stake NFT”.
**Step 3.** Select the NFTs you want to stake, then click “Confirm”
**Step 4.** Review the NFT staking details, then click “Confirm”. **Step 5.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 6.** Once confirmed, you have successfully staked your NFTs! # 3. Unstake/Change NFTs **Step 1.** Go to Ferro “Pools” page. Under “Boost Power”, click “Manage”.
**Step 2.** Under “Stake Cronos Cruisers NFT”, click “Stake NFT”.
**Step 3.** Click the NFT you want to unstake/stake, then click “Next and Review”.
**Step 4.** Review your selection and the impact on pool APR, then click “Confirm”.
**Step 5.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 6.** Once confirmed, you have successfully updated your NFT staking selection! # Boost Liquidity Pools **Step 1.** Go to Ferro “Pools” page. Under “Boosted Pool”, click “Select Pool”.
**Step 2.** Click “Select Pool to Boost”.
**Step 3.** Select the pool you want to boost, then click “Confirm”. {% hint style="info" %} Please note that you can only boost up to 2 pools. {% endhint %}
**Step 4.** Review the transaction details on your wallet, then approve the transaction and wait for confirmation. **Step 5.** Once confirmed, you have successfully boosted the selected liquidity pools! You can now see a “Boosted” rocket icon next to the boosted liquidity pools.

# Change Pool Selection **Step 1.** Go to Go to Ferro “Pools” page. Under “Boosted Pool”, click “Manage”.
**Step 2.** Click the “Remove this boost” on the pool you want to remove Pool Boost from. You may also click “Select Pool to boost” to choose a new pool to boost.
**Step 3.** Review the Pool Boost removal details, then click “Remove Boost” and wait for the confirmation message.
**Step 4.** Once confirmed, you have successfully removed Pool Boost from the selected pool! # Pool Boost Calculator
**Pool Boost Calculator** allows you to simulate our Pool Boost feature intuitively to find out * How much more xFER you should stake * How many Cronos Cruisers NFT by rarity you should stake * How much more liquidity you should add and stake into a pool In order to obtain a higher Boost Multiplier that gives you higher Pool Rewards APR! Below is a step-by-step guide. \ **Step 1.** Go to “[Pools](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/pools)” and click on “Pool Boost Calculator”. \[insert link]
**Step 2. xFER staking simulation** 1. Adjust the multiplier slider to see the xFER amount required. 2. Select one vault to see the impact on the xFER amount required. 3. xFER amount required to achieve the desired multiplier will be shown automatically 4. You can receive up to 2.5x Boost Multiplier from xFER staking
**Step 3. NFT staking simulation (Optional)** 1. Click on the “Stake Cronos Cruisers NFT” bar to expand this section 2. Adjust the number of NFT by clicking on the “+” “-” icon 3. You can only stake up to 10 NFTs 4. You can receive up to 0.5x Boost Multiplier from NFT staking
**Step 4. Additional deposit into liquidity pools (Optional)** Input the amount of additional liquidity you want to deposit into the pools.
**Step 5. Impact on your Pool APR.** As you interact with our Boost Calculator, you can see the APR impact and FER rewards updated automatically under each pool.
# FAQ ## Wallet Connection
What is the best wallet for Ferro Protocol? We currently support two wallets - [Crypto.com DeFi Wallet](https://docs.vvs.finance/support-and-help/faq#how-can-i-stake-vvs) and [Metamask](https://docs.vvs.finance/support-and-help/faq#how-can-i-stake-vvs). We will be adding more in the future so stay tuned and let us know if you have any suggestions!
How do I connect my wallet to Cronos and Ferro Protocol? Check out our wallet connection guide [here](/getting-started/connecting-a-wallet).
## Swap Tokens
What is the transaction fee of Swap? The total transaction fee per swap is **0.04%**, which is distributed as follows: * LP Provider Rewards 0.02% * xFER Buyback 0.016% * Treasury/Admin 0.004%
Why is my transaction failing? You can check the status of a transaction on [Cronoscan](https://cronoscan.com/). Our [Troubleshooting](https://docs.vvs.finance/support-and-help/troubleshooting) guide may also have a solution for your problem if you're having issues.​ If you're still experiencing issues after checking, drop us a message on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/RkA2RCtTD3) or [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol.com).
## Liquidity Pools
How can I deposit my LP tokens? You can stake your LP tokens under the "Pools" page. Check out our guide [here](/user-guides/ferro-pools/stake-unstake-liquidity).
When adding liquidity, must I provide liquidity for all tokens in a given pool? e.g. Can I simply provide DAI to the 3FER pool consisting of USDC-USDT-DAI? No, you don’t need to provide all 3 tokens to the 3FER pool. You can provide one of the tokens that composes the pool and still get LP tokens as proof of participation in the liquidity pool. When you remove liquidity from the 3FER pool, you are still able to choose the output token of your choice - DAI, USDC, USDT, or all 3 tokens.
Why am I not getting the total amount of $FER rewards from my staked LP token? It is part of the mechanism that only 60% of the $FER rewards will be sent to your wallet immediately. The remaining 40% will be converted into $xFER and locked in our 30-day vault. You may choose to upgrade your vault to a longer locking duration with a higher APR. You can also withdraw $xFER once their respective locking periods have ended.
What happens if I don’t click “Harvest” for my $FER rewards? The $FER reward will stay on the protocol instead of your wallet. You can choose to harvest anytime you want. However, each time you harvest, only 60% of the $FER rewards will be sent to your wallet immediately. The remaining 40% of the $FER rewards will be automatically converted into $xFER and locked for 30 days in our vault. You can choose to upgrade your vault settings to a longer locking duration with a higher APR to boost your rewards. Once the locking period ends, you will be able to convert $xFER back to $FER or further lock in our vaults.
What will happen if I swap between USDC and USDT? The swapping will be done via auto-routing from the available pools to provide the best price for you.
What is the distribution of $FER emissions between the 2FER, 3FER, and LCRO-CRO pool? You can check the $FER rewards per day for each pool here:
Why are we launching a new pool with USDC/USDT when these are already included in the existing 3FER pool? As a stableswap AMM, we perform deep and thorough due diligence on all the underlying stablecoins before introducing them into the liquidity pools, and we evaluate the basket of stablecoins in the 3FER pool from time to time to ensure that it provides a balance between security and usability. Consisted of the leading stablecoins on Cronos, 2FER pool will give users enhanced stability and better rates by minimizing the imbalance between the liquidity.
## Vaults
Are my $xFER tokens locked into a separate vault every time I harvest $FER from my staked LP tokens? Yes. Different harvests will lead to $xFER being locked up in separate vaults with separate locking period end times. They are done in batches.
If I upgrade my $xFER vault setting to a longer period, will the new locking period begin from the day of change, or will the locking period passed be deducted from the new locking period? The new locking period will begin from the day of change. For example: If you have $xFER initially locked in the 1-month vault and 10 days later you wish to upgrade the vault to 1 year, you will be able to withdraw your $xFER 365 days from now instead of 355 days.
## Direct Harvest
Where can I find this direct harvest feature? Direct harvest is a feature that allows users to harvest their $FER rewards and **lock their $FER rewards directly to our $xFER vault with ease**, instead of taking the additional steps to stake their $FER for $xFER and lock into a vault. This applies to those who have staked their LP tokens in Pool for $FER rewards, as well as those who have locked $xFER into vaults for extra $FER rewards. **If you have $FER rewards from staked LP in Pools** * Go to “Pools” > “Stake Liquidity” > “Pending Rewards” * It is only available if you are a liquidity provider of the pool and have staked your LP token for additional rewards * When you click “Harvest”, you will be prompted to select Harvest Options - whether to harvest straight to your wallet, or stake into a $xFER vault of your choice. * Please note that direct harvest is only applicable to 60% of $FER. The remaining 40% will be converted to $xFER and locked into 1-month vault directly **If you have $FER rewards from locked $xFER in Vaults** * Go to “Stake” > “Vaults” > “Pending Rewards” It is only available if you have locked your $xFER into a vault for additional rewards * When you click “Harvest”, you will be prompted to select Harvest Options - whether to harvest straight to your wallet, or stake into a $xFER vault of your choice. * Please note that the harvest option is applicable to 100% of $FER rewards harvested from Vaults. This means that * By choosing harvest straight to your wallet, 100% of the $FER rewards will be credited to your wallet * By choosing direct harvest to a vault, 100% of the $FER rewards will be converted into $xFER and locked into the vault of your choice * There will NOT be a 60%/40% split of which 40% is automatically locked into the 1-month vault
For the $FER rewards generated from staked LP in a Pool, will I be able to direct harvest only the 60% of $FER to go straight into vault instead of my wallet, or will I be able to adjust the locking period of the 40% in one go as well? Direct harvest is only applicable to the 60% of $FER. You can choose to harvest the 60% of $FER straight to your wallet, or directly to a $xFER vault of your choice. The remaining 40% of the $FER rewards will still be converted into $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate and locked into the 1-month vault without having the option to adjust the locking period.
Under the “Rewards” page, if I want to “Harvest All” $FER rewards generated from multiple pools that I’ve participated in, do I get to select the harvest options separately for the individual pools? No. Under the “Rewards” page, if you select “Harvest All”, you will only be prompted to select Harvest Options once and the option you have selected will be applied to the $FER rewards to be harvested from all the pools you’ve participated in. Example: I have participated in both 2FER and 3FER pool with 100 $FER to be harvested from each pool. If I select “To My Wallet”, 60% of the $FER rewards from each pool will be harvested to my wallet directly, i.e. 60 $FER from 2FER to wallet and 60 $FER from 3FER to wallet. If I select “Stake into xFER vault” and choose the 4-year vault, 60% of the $FER rewards from each pool will be harvested and locked into the 4-year vault, i.e. 60 $FER from 2FER to be converted to $xFER at prevailing exchange rate and locked into 4-year vault, and 60 $FER from 3FER to be locked into the 4 year-vault as well. The remaining 40 $FER from each pool will be converted into $xFER and locked into the 1-month vault directly. If you wish to select different locking option for the pools you’ve participated in, you can 1. Stay on “Rewards” page and click the “Harvest” button for the individual pools separately 2. Navigate to “Pools” > “Stake Liquidity” > “Pending Rewards”, then click “Harvest” and choose the desired Harvest Option for each of the pool
## Pool Boost
I've staked xFER and multiple NFTs to obtain Boost Power. If I choose to boost 2 pools, will the Boost Power be split between the pools? Apart from your staked xFER and NFTs, Boost Power depends on 1. The amount of LP you have staked in the pool and 2. Your share (%) of the pool The same [Boost Multipliers](/user-guides/pool-boost/get-boost-power) will be applied to both pools, but each pool may have a different Boost Power depending on your position in the pool.
Is there any expiration date for Pool Boost? The Pool Boost will be effective on the selected pools as long as there is xFER staked in the vault. Even after the locking duration ends, the Pool Boost will remain effective until you withdraw all the xFER from the vault.
What will happen to my NFTs if I withdraw xFER from the vault and remove liquidity pool from the pool? You may lose your NFTs if you don’t unstake them before withdrawing xFER and removing staked liquidity from the pool. However, in the event that you have not unstaked the NFT before removing liquidity, you can still add and stake liquidity back to the pool to perform NFT unstaking. You can refer to [this user guide](/user-guides/pool-boost/get-boost-power/3.-unstake-change-nfts) to learn more about NFT unstaking.
Are the Boost Power and resulting APR fixed to the number I'm seeing? [Boost Power](/user-guides/pool-boost/get-boost-power) depends on 1. The amount of LP you have staked in the pool and 2. Your share (%) of the pool It will fluctuate depending on the other participants of the pool. The Boost Power and APR displayed are only estimated for your reference. They do not represent guaranteed returns in the Boosted Pool.
What is the emission split between base rewards and Pool Boost rewards? Base rewards accounts for 90% of the $FER emission, while Pool Boost rewards accounts for 10%.
## General
What are the different approval requests that I will encounter on the protocol? **Approve Token Spend Limit** * This will appear when you interact with the smart contract for the first time and you may need to approve spend limit for multiple tokens depending on the transaction **Transaction Approval** * This approval is applicable to transactions such as swapping tokens, adding/removing liquidity, and depositing tokens.
How is APR calculated for Pools? APR will depend on the price of $FER and will fluctuate according to the $FER price discovery and total TVL within the pool. APR may significantly drop when there are more users staking their LP tokens, as the $FER rewards will be shared among more users. However, as more users come and swap using the protocol, protocol revenue will increase, part of which will be distributed to users holding LP tokens of the pool, resulting in a higher APR.
What are the differences in rewards between LP Tokens, $FER, and $xFER? #### **LP Tokens** * **Where can I get the token?** * By providing liquidity to one of the liquidity pools under the “[Pool”](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/pools) page * **What rewards can I get?** * You will get a cut from the swap fees of the pool in proportion to your share of the pool * Swap fee will be distributed to you in the form of LP tokens as they are auto-compounded to your LP token * As a result, the value of LP tokens you have will increase, which will change the amount of liquidity you can get back upon withdrawal * **What can I do with it?** * Hold the LP tokens and earn swap fee from the liquidity pool Stake your LP tokens and earn $FER based on the pool APR Remove liquidity from the liquidity pool #### $FER * **Where can I get the token?** * Get LP tokens by providing liquidity and stake your LP tokens for $FER under the “[Pools](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/pools)” page * Earn extra $FER by staking $FER for $xFER at the prevailing exchange rate at any time under the “[Stake FER](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/stake/bar)” page, then boost $FER rewards by locking your $xFER token in vaults under the “[xFER Vault](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/stake/vault)” page * Convert your unlocked $xFER back to $FER by unstaking $FER under the “[Stake FER](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/stake/bar)” page * Swap on [VVS Finance](https://vvs.finance/swap) or purchase on [Crypto.com Exchange](https://crypto.com/exchange/trade/spot/FER_USDC) * **What rewards can I get?** * $FER itself is the main reward/incentive token in the protocol * **What can I do with it?** * Stake $FER for $xFER to earn extra $FER rewards based on the Staking APR. Locking your $xFER in vaults will boost your rewards based on the Vault APR. * Participate in the FER-VVS Farm on [VVS Finance](https://vvs.finance/farms) for additional rewards * Trade on [VVS Finance](https://vvs.finance/swap) or [Crypto.com Exchange](https://crypto.com/exchange/trade/spot/FER_USDC) #### $xFER * **Where can I get the token?** * Stake $FER under the “[Stake FER](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/stake/bar)” page * Stake LP token and harvest $FER rewards under the “[Pools](https://ferroprotocol.com/#/pools/3fer/stake)” page - 40% of the rewards will be automatically converted into $xFER and locked in our 30-day vault * **What rewards can I get?** * $xFER is the yield-bearing token that gives you extra $FER rewards * By locking your $xFER into our vaults with different locking periods, you can yield more rewards with higher APRs * **What can I do with it?** * Hold $xFER and get extra $FER rewards * Lock $xFER into the vault of your choice and boost $FER rewards depending on the locking period and APR * Convert your unlocked $xFER back to $FER by unstaking $FER
What is the maximum supply of $FER? $FER has a maximum supply of 5 Billion. Read more about it in our [Whitepaper](/essentials/whitepaper). You can also track our protocol's statistics on our [landing page](https://ferroprotocol.com/), or track $FER on Cronoscan [here](https://cronoscan.com/token/0x39bC1e38c842C60775Ce37566D03B41A7A66C782).
Where can I find the Protocol Roadmap? You can read more about our Protocol Roadmap [here](/essentials/protocol-roadmap).
When are Governance and Voting coming? It is part of our roadmap to establish a protocol with trustless governance but we aim to stabilize the platform before gradually passing the full governance to the community. Look out for our future announcements!
## I can't find an answer to my question. Where do I find an answer? Consult our troubleshooting guide first. If the issue still persists or there are no resolution steps in the troubleshooting guide, drop us a message on [Discord](https://discord.gg/V2957zMsmg) or [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol). # Troubleshooting Common errors that you may encounter ## **Issues on the Swap Page** ### **INSUFFICIENT\_OUTPUT\_AMOUNT** You're trying to swap tokens, but your slippage tolerance is too low or liquidity is too low. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Solution" %} 1. Refresh your page and try again later. 2. Try trading a smaller amount at one time. 3. Increase your slippage tolerance: 1. Tap the settings icon on the liquidity page. 2. Increase your slippage tolerance a little and try again. ![](/files/-MeTcJzq0K5hzefhCrAC) 4. Lastly, try inputting an amount with fewer decimal places. {% endtab %} {% tab title="Reason" %} **This usually happens when trading tokens with low liquidity.** That means there isn't enough of one of the tokens you're trying to swap in the Liquidity Pool: it's probably a small-cap token that few people are trading. However, there's also the chance that you're trying to trade a scam token that cannot be sold. In this case, VVS isn't able to block a token or return funds. {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### **INSUFFICIENT\_A\_AMOUNT or INSUFFICIENT\_B\_AMOUNT** You're trying to add/remove liquidity from a liquidity pool (LP), but there isn't enough of one of the two tokens in the pair. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Solution" %} **Refresh your page and try again, or try again later.** Still doesn't work? 1. Tap the settings icon on the liquidity page. 2. Increase your slippage tolerance a little and try again. {% endtab %} {% tab title="Reason" %} The error is caused by trying to add or remove liquidity for a liquidity pool (LP) with an insufficient amount of token A or token B (one of the tokens in the pair). It might be the case that prices are updating too fast when and your slippage tolerance is too low. {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### FerroRouter: EXPIRED > The transaction cannot succeed due to error: FerroRouter: EXPIRED. This is probably an issue with one of the tokens you are swapping. Try again, but confirm (sign and broadcast) the transaction as soon as you generate it. This happened because you started making a transaction, but you didn't sign and broadcast it until it was past the deadline. That means you didn't hit "Confirm" quickly enough. ### Transaction cannot succeed Try trading a smaller amount, or increase slippage tolerance via the settings icon and try again. This is caused by low liquidity. ### **Price Impact too High** Try trading a smaller amount, or increase slippage tolerance via the settings icon and try again. This is caused by low liquidity. ### Out of Gas error > Warning! Error encountered during contract execution \[out of gas] You have set a low gas limit when trying to make a transaction. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Solution" %} Try manually increasing the **gas limit** (not gas price!) in your wallet before signing the transaction. A limit of 200000-250000 is usually enough. Check your wallet's documentation if you aren't sure how to adjust the gas limit. {% endtab %} {% tab title="Reason" %} Basically, your wallet (Metamask, Trust Wallet, etc.) can't finish what it's trying to do. Your wallet estimates that the gas limit is too low, so the function call runs out of gas before the function call is finished. {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ## **Other issues** ### Provider Error > Provider Error\ > No provider was found This happens when you try to connect via a browser extension like MetaMask or Crypto.com Extension, but you haven’t installed the extension. {% tabs %} {% tab title="Solution" %} Install the official browser extension to connect, or read our guide on connecting a [wallet](broken://pages/VzwLj5nM5go7WsEQ6c7s). {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} ### Unsupported Chain ID Switch your chain to Cronos Chain. Check your wallet's documentation for a guide if you need help. ### Internal JSON-RPC errors > "MetaMask - RPC Error: Internal JSON-RPC error. estimateGas failed removeLiquidityETHWithPermitSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens estimateGas failed removeLiquidityETHWithPermit " Happens when trying to remove liquidity on some tokens via Metamask. Root cause is still unknown. Try using an alternative wallet. > Internal JSON-RPC error. { "code": -32000, "message": "insufficient funds for transfer" } - Please try again. You don't have enough CRO to pay for the transaction fees. You need more native CRO in your wallet. ### Error: \[ethjs-query] > Error: \[ethjs-query] while formatting outputs from RPC '{"value":{"code":-32603,"data":{"code":-32000,"message":"transaction underpriced"}}}" Increase the gas limit for the transaction in your wallet. Check your wallet's documentation to learn how to increase gas limit. > Swap failed: Error: \[ethjs-query] while formatting outputs from RPC '{"value":{"code":-32603,"data":{"code":-32603,"message":"handle request error"}}}' Cause unclear. Try these steps before trying again: 1. Increase gas limit 2. Increase slippage 3. Clear cache ## **If you still have a problem** Contact us on [Telegram](https://t.me/ferroprotocol) or [Discord](https://discord.gg/V2957zMsmg) and we will do our best to get back to you. # The Ferro Team We are a group of Crypto believers with a strong background in product design, software engineering, and marketing, coming together aiming to build and share Ferro Protocol with the world. # Cronos Labs Incubation We are immensely proud to be part of the [Cronos Labs](https://www.cronoslabs.org/) incubation program. Being part of this program, we receive incredible support from the **Crypto.com ecosystem.** We are also excited to be able to access a mass retail audience that the Crypto.com ecosystem offers, and work with our partners to provide an end-to-end seamless DeFi experience. # What Is an AMM Protocol In an Automated Market Maker (AMM) Protocol, there are no middle man or order books like a traditional centralized exchange. Trading is done via the Smart Contracts which leverage liquidity or assets provided by users who opt to become Liquidity Providers. We have optimized our Token Economics to offer incentives for all participants of Ferro, so that Ferro can be an autonomous finance ecosystem that thrives in the long run. Ferro will enjoy a stronger network effect that drives up the value for everyone as we aggregate more users and supporters. So if you like what we offer, make sure you share it with your friends and invite them to be part of our community! Thank you for your support! # What Is Impermanent Loss Impermanent Loss is the difference between the value between just holding the tokens (HODL value) in your wallet and withdrawing your liquidity and receiving the tokens back. This is a potential risk for users who intend to become Liquidity Providers (LP). Similar to other exchanges, Ferro Protocol provides transaction fees and farming rewards as the mitigation of Impermanent Loss and compensation for the risk experienced by Liquidity Providers. If you want to learn more: * Check out this in-depth [article](https://medium.com/coinmonks/understanding-impermanent-loss-9ac6795e5baa) on Impermanent Loss * Read up on the [Hybrid Invariant Model](/essentials/whitepaper/key-functionalities) adopted by Ferro for trading # Team Wallets | Category | Wallet Address | Remarks | | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Team | `0x8954a0A68cb3F046F3a67DC063cc36CE2416312C` | 24m linear vesting on a monthly basis | | Ecosystem Reserve | `0x0A7e7B30f91Ab6518Ddd33991c0e13E971de7eFB` | Unlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives | | Operations & Partnerships Reserve | `0x2AE5eB7bB0b2E07b054F055E7F96C9E8872193B5` | Unlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives | | Incentives & Liquidity Management | `0xDeBe511Ee37DbC8eC57d39B69F5b28d1Cb3FEc1a` | Unlocked upon Token Generation Event, but size and timeline of utilization will depend upon needs and initiatives | | Treasury | `0xe13570350a704774AC5f04728E2E631589B4740C` | No vesting | # Token Supported Imported these tokens to your wallet to track your assets. * **USDC** `0xc21223249CA28397B4B6541dfFaEcC539BfF0c59`, 6 Decimals * **USDT** `0x66e428c3f67a68878562e79A0234c1F83c208770`, 6 Decimals * **DAI** `0xF2001B145b43032AAF5Ee2884e456CCd805F677D`, 18 Decimals * **FER** `0x39bC1e38c842C60775Ce37566D03B41A7A66C782`, 18 Decimals * **xFER** `0x6b82eAce10F782487B61C616B623A78c965Fdd88`, 18 Decimals * **3FER** `0x71923713685770D04d69d103008aafFeeBC31BDe`, 18 Decimals * **2FER** `0xD05a67bB1e9684E8DDD19D0Bb6A713b4BEFC2C03`, 18 Decimals * **LCRO** `0x9Fae23A2700FEeCd5b93e43fDBc03c76AA7C08A6`, 18 Decimals * **WCRO** `0x5C7F8A570d578ED84E63fdFA7b1eE72dEae1AE23`, 18 Decimals * **LATOM** `0xAC974ee7fc5d083112c809cCb3FCe4a4F385750D`, 6 Decimals * **ATOM** `0xB888d8Dd1733d72681b30c00ee76BDE93ae7aa93`, 6 Decimals * **LATOM-ATOM LP** `0x260481aD807C95Ea30AcEaB5D01Afe0a76f41929`, 18 Decimals * **LCRO-WCRO LP**`0xC73B40a6a57cC8203462397F64527fD46766Dd85`, 18 Decimals # Smart Contracts ## Swap Contracts
NameAddressRemarks
Swap (3FER) 0xe8d13664a42B338F009812Fa5A75199A865dA5cDSwap contract between USDC/USDT/DAI
Swap (2FER)0xa34C0fE36541fB085677c36B4ff0CCF5fa2B32d6Swap contract between USDC/USDT
Swap (LCRO-WCRO)0x1578C5CF4f8f6064deb167d1eeAD15dF43185afaSwap contract between LCRO/WCRO
Swap (LATOM-ATOM)0x5FA9412C2563c0B13CD9F96F0bd1A971F8eBdF96Swap contract between LATOM/ATOM
Swap (2FER-USC)0x6A41732eaDBE15e9c9FcA2cfF1299c6321AA104BSwap contract between 2FER/USDT/USDC
## Liquidity Pool Contracts | Name | Address | Remarks | | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | | **Ferro DAI/USDC/USDT** | `0x71923713685770D04d69d103008aafFeeBC31BDe` | 3FER Pool contract | | **Ferro USDC/USDT** | `0xD05a67bB1e9684E8DDD19D0Bb6A713b4BEFC2C03` | 2FER Pool contract | | **Ferro LCRO/WCRO** | `0xC73B40a6a57cC8203462397F64527fD46766Dd85` | LCRO-CRO Pool contract | | **Ferro LATOM/ATOM** | `0x260481aD807C95Ea30AcEaB5D01Afe0a76f41929` | LATOM-ATOM Pool contract | | **Ferro USC/2FER** | `0x74171B2facD27b9577C7d409bFC05b308255992D` | 2FER-USC Pool contract | ## Other Contracts | Name | Address | Remarks | | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | **FerroFarm** | `0xAB50FB1117778f293cc33aC044b5579fb03029D0` | Stake LP to earn FER | | **FerroBar (xFER)** | `0x6b82eAce10F782487B61C616B623A78c965Fdd88` | Convert FER into xFER | | **FerroBoost** | `0xCf3e157E2491F7D739f8923f6CeaA4656E64C92e` | Vault to lock xFER to boost FER rewards | | **ferroFarmBoost** | `0x1dd98049269e56809886Ba39563477908CceBF53` | Pool Boost | | **FerroMaker** | `0xA26A0105C269B6ddaAE8B343C9fD789a9034F72E` | Convert platform fee to FER into FerroBar | | **Timelock Team Vesting** | `0xB5c745f15A31Ea431360A71c75490CdcBae67b86` | | # Security Ferro's security audit Smart contracts in Ferro Protocol have been audited by BlockSec. As of 4 May 2022, all critical issues identified under BlockSec's security audit have been addressed. However, please note that security audits do not eliminate all risks, there could still be vulnerabilities in the smart contracts even after running security audits. Before using the Ferro Protocol, users should closely review the relevant documentation to make sure that they understand how Ferro Protocol works and the risks of their use of our protocol. All forms of investments come with various degrees of risk. Users are responsible for doing their own diligence to understand the risks involved. Please use our protocol according to your own risk tolerance. For the detailed security audit report, please see below: {% file src="/files/2aSsffsyF78RijwBJJR2" %} # Risk Disclosures The Ferro Protocol (“**Protocol**”) is a set of smart contracts made available by Ferro Protocol Limited (“Ferro Protocol”) on a voluntary, “as-is” and “as available” basis. It is not a service of any kind and you should not rely on Ferro Protocol to assist you to evaluate the Protocol, assess its fitness for any purpose or comply with any requirements. You assume all risks arising from interactions with the Protocol including without limitation all applicable legal and regulatory risks in connection with the use and interaction with the Protocol, including with respect to any transactions. Nothing stated relating to the Protocol is a prospectus nor a solicitation for investment and does not pertain in any way to an offering of securities in any jurisdiction. Nothing stated related to the Protocol constitutes a recommendation or advice of any kind. Ferro Protocol is not liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in contract, tort or under any other theory of liability, arising from, out of or in connection with the Protocol. There are several risks when using the Protocol. These risks include inherent risks associated with the use of a virtual platform, the decentralized nature of the Protocol, and participating in virtual asset transactions. Risks include, without limitation: * Partial or total loss of virtual assets, including any value attributed to virtual assets; * Collapse in liquidity with respect to virtual assets; * Changes in compatibility of a virtual asset with the Protocol; * Changes in the smart contracts; * Regulatory uncertainty and government action against virtual assets and persons involved in virtual asset activities; * Extreme volatility with respect to transaction parameters and value attributed to virtual assets; * Possibility of market misconduct by participants including for example market manipulation, trading on the basis of non-public information, and front running; * Delays in or complete failure of virtual asset transactions being confirmed; * Counterparty risk; * Faults, defects, hacks, exploits, errors or unforeseen circumstances occurring in respect of the platform or the technologies that the Protocol depends on; * Loss of private keys; and * Attacks on the Protocol or the failure of the technologies that the Platform depends on including for example distributed denial of service, sybil attacks, phishing, social engineering, hacking, smurfing, malware, double spending, majority-mining, consensus-based or other mining attacks, misinformation campaigns, forks, and spoofing. This list of potential risks is not exhaustive and is not intended to capture the extent of all possible risks. In the event of any of the above occurring, you may lose your virtual assets entirely. Participants should consider all of the above and assess the nature of, and their own appetite for relevant risks independently and consult their own professional advisers before making any decisions to participate in the Protocol. PARTICIPANTS USE THE PROTOCOL AT THEIR OWN RISK. *\*Native ETH needs to be wrapped into WETH before it can be used on Ferro Protocol* # GitHub Ferro Protocol's public github project repository Coming soon. # SDKs Coming soon.